Protiv nekih od najvećih evropskih proizvođača svinja, uključujući Nemačku, Francusku i Španiju, mogle bi da budu preduzete zakonom predviđene mere jer su propustili da do 1. januara primene nove propise Evropske unije o dobrobiti životinja. Uzgajivači svinja tvrde da kavezi smanjuju posledice agresije među krmačama ali borci za dobrobit životinja insistiraju da zatvaranje krmača u boksove u kojima ne mogu da se okrenu loše deluje na psihu životinja. Analitičari za tekuću godinu prognoziraju pad proizvodnje svinjetine u EU za više od 3% delom i zbog novih propisa o čuvanju svinja, odnosno zabrani kaveza.
Četvrtina od 12 miliona krmača u EU i dalje je na farmama zatvoreno u pojedinačnim boksovima, iako je njihova upotreba zabranjena. Nepoštovanje propisa o držanju svinja posebno je rašireno među velikim proizvođačima u Francuskoj, pokazuju podaci koje su evropske vlade dostavile Evropskoj komisiji.
"Sada je na tim zemljama da preduzmu mere i u nekim slučajevima to znači zatvaranje celih farmi", rekao je neimenovani izvor u EU, preneo je scotsman.com.
Podaci koje je u decembru objavila Evropska komisija pokazuju da se boksovi za svinje u Francuskoj još koriste na dve trećine farmi, u Nemačkoj na polovini farmi svinja a u Irskoj na 43%. Među zemljama koje nisu na vreme izbacile kaveze su i Belgija, Italija, Holandija i Španija.
Pre roka boksove za krmače iz upotrebe je isključilo deset zemalja EU, uključujući Britaniju u kojoj je zabrana držanja krmača u tesnim boksovima na snazi od 1999. Rok su ispoštovali i Austrija, Bugarska, Estonija, Letonija, Litvanija, Luksemburg, Švedska, Rumunija i Slovačka.
Malta i Mađarska su saopštile da poštuju zabranu a još nekoliko zemalja, uključujući Holandiju koja je jedan od vodećih prizvođača, "na korak" je do punog poštovanja zabrane.
Farmeri u EU imali su inače 11 godina da se spreme za zabranu koja je stupila na snagu na početku godine. Naime, o zabrani su se članice EU sporazumele još 2001. godine.
Komisija se sada sprema da preduzme mere predviđene zakonom protiv zemalja koje su propustile rok da uklone boksove za krmače sa farmi i očekuje se da to objavi sledećeg meseca.
Zvaničnici kažu da će se Komisija, uprkos izgledima za preduzimanje zakonskih mera i zatvaranje farmi, usprotiviti blokiranju uvoza iz zemalja koje nisu poštovale rok za uklanjanje boksova za krmače.
Podsećanja radi, Komisija je prošle godine zabranila izvoz jaja od proizvođača koji do 1. januara 2012. nisu izbacili iz upotrebe nepropisne kaveze za koke nosilje.
Međutim, u trag svinjskom mesu, odnosno proizvođaču, mnogo bi se teže ušlo, posebno zbog toga što se svinjetina koristi u brojnim prerađevinama, pa bi zabranu izvoza poput one za jaja bilo gotovo nemoguće sprovesti, kažu evropski zvaničnici.
Boksovi za svinje dugi su dva metra a široki 60 centimetara. U njih se krmače smeštaju kada su prasne kako bi ih lakše kontrolisali.
Evropljani vole svinjetinu
Potrošači u EU svinjetinu jedu više od drugih vrsta mesa. Prognozira se da će prosečna potrošnja svinjskog mesa po stanovniku ove godine blago opasti, na 40,26 kilograma sa 41,14 kilograma u 2012. godini, i to zbog ekonomske krize i visoke nezaposlenosti.
Prema najnovijim procenama, proizvodnja svinjskog mesa u EU ove godine će, nakon pada i u prethodne dve godine, biti manja za više od 3%. Jedan od razloga za pad je zabrana boksova za krmače za koju se mnogi farmeri i njihove vlade nisu spremili na vreme. Jesenas je Komisija saopštila da su stručnjaci procenili da bi proizvodnja svinja u EU do 2014. godine mogla da opadne i za 5% zbog zabrane.
Grupa FNP, francuski proizvođač svinja, procenuje da će zabrana za posledicu imati povećanje troškova proizvodnje za 650 evra po svinji, što je velika suma za sektor koji teško opstaje ili čak pravi gubitke.
Farmeri u EU u 2010. godini su proizveli 22,7 miliona tona svinjetine, dva puta više nego SAD ali i više nego upola manje od Kine koja je proizvela 51 milion tona.
Proizvodnja svinjetine u EU pokriva 110% potrošnje, tako da nestašice neće biti ali bi posledice pada produkcije zbog zabrane zatvaranja svinja u boksove mogle da se osete u izvozu.
U 2011. godini izvoz svinjetine iz EU porastao je za više od 20% i dostigao tri miliona tona. Najviše je izvezeno u Rusiju i Kinu.
Izvor: Euractiv.rs
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